Few Hispanics in law school

By LAWRENCE VELVEL
Friday, March 09, 2007

Only an estimated 3.9 percent of this nation's lawyers are Hispanic. It's a group that represents 13 percent of the nation's population, more than 40 million people. Yet, even as this number is rising rapidly, Hispanic enrollment in our nation's law schools is falling off.

There are a number of reasons for this. Some, such as poverty and consequently low graduation rates from high schools and colleges, have little to do with the law schools themselves. But the law schools, and the American Bar Association, are playing a major role in keeping Hispanics out of the legal profession.

Hispanics are being screened out by the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT). This test is insisted upon by the ABA, which accredits nearly all law schools today. Yet it has been well established that the LSAT not only discriminates against Hispanics and blacks, but favors applicants from wealthier backgrounds, who score higher than middle- or low-income applicants from any group.

According to Elizabeth Chambliss, a professor at the New York Law School, "The legal profession already is one of the least racially integrated professions in the United States when all four minority groups (African-American, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American) are aggregated."

She blamed "the heavy reliance" of law schools on the LSAT, explaining, "African Americans and other minority groups score lower, on average, than whites, yet law schools' reliance on this measure of aptitude has increased markedly over time."

But even if a Hispanic overcomes the LSAT barrier, he or she runs into tuition barriers. Since 1990 law school tuition has skyrocketed 267 percent. Yale charges tuition of $38,800 a year; the University of Southern California in downtown Los Angeles charges $37,971; Southern Methodist University, in Dallas, charges $31,238, and Texas Southern University, in Houston, charges $20,850.

The result is every one of those schools has a Hispanic enrollment of about 6 percent or fewer, even though most are in large Hispanic centers. USC, located in a huge Latino population center, has only 39 Mexican-American students and 15 other Hispanics enrolled among its 628 full-time students.

At the private University of Miami Law School in Coral Gables, where the annual law school tuition is $31,094, only 11.8 percent of the student body is Hispanic. At nearby, state-supported Florida International University, where tuition is $8,543, Hispanic enrollment is 40.7 percent.

Law school costs and tuitions are being pushed up in good part by the ABA accreditors. "Demanding extravagant wages, working conditions and lifestyles for law professors, and demanding plush facilities and libraries, the ABA standards required enormous financial resources," author Debbie Hagan wrote in her book "Against The Tide," published by University Press of America.

ABA standards regulate everything from how many hours law school professors may teach (not many) to the number of expensive full-time professors, sabbaticals, elaborateness of buildings, entrance examinations and even the number of (very expensive) books in the library, Hagan notes.

It is common for law school professors today to earn between $200,000 and $300,000 a year for light teaching loads, while the students whose tuition pays their salaries graduate with debts of $100,000 or more that take years to pay off.

The Hispanic-excluding ABA rules are nice for law professors, who lead plush lives, but are bad for education.

As Saul Levmore and David Van Zandt of the American Law Deans Association (ALDA) wrote last year: "The ABA continues to impose requirements on the law schools it accredits that are not only extraneous to the process of assuring the quality of legal education, but also that improperly intrude on institutional autonomy in seeking to dictate terms and conditions of employment."

Levmore is president of ALDA and dean of the University of Chicago Law

(Lawrence Velvel is dean and cofounder of the Massachusetts School of Law at Andover. Contact him at velvel(AT)mslaw.edu. For more stories visit scrippsnews.com)

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No evidence that the LSAT is discriminatory

Just because Blacks and Latinos have average LSAT scores that are lower than Whites and Asians does not prove that the test is discriminatory. Blacks and Latinos score lower on every standardized test than Whites and Asians, including IQ tests. Similarly, people from families with higher incomes tend to score higher on the LSAT and similar tests. This is not only because they have more money to prepare for these tests, it is because intelligence is largely genetic. A person whose parents are lawyers or doctors or other high-earning professionals is more likely to have a high IQ than someone whose parents are poor and employed in menial jobs. There also appears to be evidence that getting proper nutrients during childhood is important for brain development, another area where the rich will have an advantage. The LSAT correlates with intelligence -- however imperfectly -- and the groups that tend to have higher IQs will tend to have higher LSAT scores. This does not prove any bias in the LSAT. Law schools use affirmative action policies to increase diversity in their classes, and many schools provide need-based grants. The fact is, the bar is substantially lowered for persons of certain ethnic groups in law school admissions. How much further should we be willing to go in eliminating meritocracy for the sake of diversity?

The author of this article

The author of this article is "dean and cofounder" of one of the "least selective" law schools in the nation, so it is not surprising that he is attacking the validity of the LSAT. I wouldn't be surprised that if the author was given the choice of kicking out all the minorities in his law school in order to propel his law school to the #1 spot on USNEWS that he'd take it. If the author weren't being so ingenuous, he would also note that the LSAT overpredicts first-year grades for minorities. Riddle Me That.

Qualifications

Let's see: If I were an HISPANIC (What's that? A person from Hispaniola?) and I needed a really good lawyer, would I opt for one who was granted a waiver from the normal, usual and customary standards leading to the bestowment of the title of JD, LLD or whatever? Or would I prefer a rich white guy who knew how to speak, write and read well, could count high enough to get to the correct shelf in the library, had a full belly and an appreciation of Western Civilization and American History? When MD's are exempted from the usual rigors of examination, will these Latino Lawyers be smart enough to take them to the cleaners in Malpractice Court, or are we going to do away with malpractice, malfeasance and responsibility AS WELL AS qualifications?
We could get rid of laws AS WELL AS competency, then the question would be moot, wouldn't it?
I am just so miffed that males represent only a small fraction of the runway models, when they comprise forty-nine percent of the population. That strutting stuff is not really all it's cracked up to be. If the pants fit, I say wear them!
The good professors need to take a good look at some of these unions and their apprenticeship practices,too. Who the hell do they think they are, electricians?

".....in the course of human events....."

The LSAT is inherently discriminatory

The LSAT is inherently discriminatory. The whole notion of convoluted 'reasoning' behind the Logic Games, for example, is foreign to the Spanish cultural tradition of synthetic (versus Anglo-Saxon-centric "analytical") thinking and disputation. Do away with the Logic Games section, add more reading comprehnsion if you like instead, and this would go a long way toward reforming the hideous test.

Synthetic thinking?

Was pretty sure up til now that I had not heard it all. Am now REALLY sure that I have not heard it all. Does synthetic thinking mean 'tempered by drug use'?
What kind of thinking was it the Spanish practiced when they almost succeeded in conquering the entire world , enslaved millions, et cetera? Was this the famous "synthetic thinking" that we in America should try to emulate?
Mr. Anonymous, I believe that there is still a country called Spain where, if you are correct, your synthesized thinking would be welcomed. Here in America, the LSAT, the PSAT, the SAT, the bar exam, the electrician's apprenticeship, the Master's Degree, and every other achievement you can 'think' of, logically speaking, of course, ARE INDEED inherently discriminatory, but the discrimination has nothing to do with culture.
Call yourself a lawyer, if you like, but don't expect "discriminating" Americans to pay you.

".....in the course of human events....."

The beginning of Genocide

The popular thought that the ones on top are their due to their own merit, including the physical and genealogical abilities given to them by their families, is the same thought that denies the societal assistance given to the individuals in positions of power or wealth. What you are saying is the ones in the positions of wealth and power today are better than the groups that do not score as well on the entrance exams that lead to positions of power and wealth. Next it will be recommended to place the underprivileged population into concentration camps. Why not they are not as good as the rest of the population; it may even increase America’s gene pool.
Just the suggestion that the privileged population is better than the rest makes (not better off than the rest) you demented and shows how warped your thinking is. Let’s be realistic here and factor in the truth and all other variables when making such broad statements.

End of Reason

Emphasis on merit is not the beginning of genocide but your post represents the end of clear and logical thinking.

LSAT....minority more often

LSAT....minority more often then not = less money + inferior public education= lower LSAT SCORE.....it's real simple. It does not mean minorities are genetically dumber like argued in the first post. I actually believe Affirmative Action should be based on Economic Status and not necessarily Race. Because A white kid who grew up in a poor neighborhood with crappy public schooling and no money to pay for LSAT classes and a lack of mentors would do just as bad as his darker skinned neighbor on his LSAT. As opposed to an affluent kid who was dark or light skinned and had the opportunity to get the best education and have the best mentors and take the best LSAT Prep Courses.

Therefore the reason

Therefore the reason minorites in general have lower scores than whites applying to law school is because they come from less well off families. And the statistics show this, no matter where you look.

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