ShareThisHere is the computer program developed by Scripps Howard News Service to identify female victims of serial killers using computer files from the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Report covering 539,600 homicides committed from 1980 through 2009. This program is written for the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) but can easily be modified for other software. The FBI data can be downloaded from this Website: www.scrippsnews.com/projects/serial-killer.
The text below can be copied directly into SPSS and run. It will also work on the open-source software PSPP.
Comment: These commands open the Supplementary Homicide Report file and calculate if police knew who committed each of the 539,600 homicides by examining the reported gender of the offender; FBI statisticians used "U" to indicate the offender's gender was unknown.
GET FILE='C:\Path\SHR-PublicRelease.sav'.
EXECUTE.
COMPUTE SOLVED=1.
IF (OFFSEX = "U") SOLVED=0.
VALUE LABELS SOLVED 0 "Not Solved" 1 "Solved".
EXECUTE.
Comment: This reorganizes the age of homicide victims into four age groups.
COMPUTE AGE=9.
IF (VICAGE GE 0 AND VICAGE LE 14) AGE=1.
IF (VICAGE GE 15 AND VICAGE LE 19) AGE=2.
IF (VICAGE GE 20 AND VICAGE LE 50) AGE=3.
IF (VICAGE GE 51 AND VICAGE LE 99) AGE=4.
VALUE LABELS AGE 1 "0-14" 2 "15-19" 3 "20-50" 4 "Over 50" 9 "Unknown".
EXECUTE.
Comment: This creates a numeric coding for the victim's gender.
COMPUTE SEX =9.
IF (VICSEX = "M") SEX=1.
IF (VICSEX = "F") SEX=2.
VALUE LABELS SEX 1 "Male" 2 "Female" 9 "Unknown".
EXECUTE.
Comment: This creates an eight-digit number called MURDGRP to group homicides according to the Metropolitan Statistical Area where the homicide was committed as well as the age group, gender and method of killing for each victim.
COMPUTE MURDGRP = (MSA * 10000) + (SEX * 1000) + (AGE * 100) + WEAPON.
EXECUTE.
Comment: This aggregates the number of homicides, number of solved homicides and percentage of solved homicides by MURDGRP and creates a new file of aggregated data called MURDERGROUP.
AGGREGATE
/OUTFILE='C:\Path\MURDERGROUP.sav'
/BREAK=MURDGRP AGE SEX MSA WEAPON
/TOTAL = NU(SOLVED) /SOLVED = SUM(SOLVED) /PERCENT = MEAN(SOLVED).
EXECUTE .
Comment: This calls up the MURDERGROUP file, selects only female victims, eliminates aggregates with incomplete information (such as murders committed outside of an MSA or cases in which key information was not reported), eliminates aggregates in which more than 25 percent of the homicides were solved, computes how many cases were unsolved and sorts by the total number of unsolved cases in descending order, most to least.
GET FILE='C:\Path\MURDERGROUP.sav'.
EXECUTE.
SELECT IF(SEX =2).
EXECUTE .
SELECT IF(MURDGRP> 0).
EXECUTE .
SELECT IF(PERCENT <= .25).
EXECUTE .
COMPUTE UNSOLVED = TOTAL - SOLVED.
EXECUTE .
SORT CASES BY UNSOLVED (D).
EXECUTE .
Comment: After these operations are completed, what will remain are hundreds of clusters of cities that have had unusually large numbers of unsolved homicides involving women of similar age who were killed by similar means; At the top of this file are a group of 73 homicides of Los Angeles women, many of whom were slain by five known serial killers who operated independently of each other in southern LA mostly during the 1980s and 1990s.
Comment: Once a suspicious cluster of aggregated cases has been selected, call back the original Supplementary Homicide Report file to examine only those cases in the cluster using a MURDGRP value; the example below will call up 32 cases of women murdered in the greater Seattle area including several known victims of Gary Leon Ridgway, the so-called Green River Killer.
GET FILE='C:\Path\SHR-PublicRelease.sav'.
FILTER OFF.
USE ALL.
SELECT IF (MURDGRP = 76002390).
EXECUTE.
Comment: Reporter Thomas Hargrove can be reached at hargrovet(at) shns.com to answer questions about this program at Scripps Howard News Service in Washington, D.C. ).
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